0:00 William Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616, which is, by tradition, the very same day he was born fifty-two years earlier.0:09 There is something so perfectly, poetically symmetrical about that, isn't there?0:16 A life perfectly bracketed by a single date.0:19 It feels like a story.0:21 And that’s the thing about a day in history...0:25 it’s never just a day.0:26 It’s a collection of stories we choose to tell, a tapestry we weave from the threads of coincidence and consequence.0:36 April twenty-third is a particularly rich piece of that tapestry.0:41 We think we know the pattern, but the joy is in pulling a single thread and seeing what unravels.0:49 Looking back now, we can see the knots and the beautiful mistakes that make up the whole design.0:56 And what a design it is.0:58 On this day in 1985, the Coca-Cola company decided to change its hundred-year-old formula.1:06 They launched "New Coke" with tremendous fanfare, a move that is now taught in business schools as a legendary, almost perfect example of what not to do.1:18 The public backlash was so swift, so visceral, that they brought back the original formula as "Coca-Cola Classic" less than three months later.1:29 It was a spectacular failure that somehow made everyone love the original even more.1:36 A lesson in not fixing what isn't broken.1:39 In 1914, this was the day the first-ever baseball game was played at what we now know as Wrigley Field in Chicago.1:49 It was called Weeghman Park then, and the home team wasn't the Cubs, it was the Chicago Federals.1:56 But the history started there.1:59 That green ivy wouldn't be planted for another twenty-three years, but the echo of the crack of the bat, the roar of that first crowd...2:10 it starts on this day.2:11 Further back, in 1348, King Edward the Third of England founded the Order of the Garter.2:18 It's Britain's highest chivalric order, and the story goes that he was dancing with the Countess of Salisbury when her garter slipped to the floor.2:30 As courtiers snickered, the King gallantly picked it up, tied it to his own leg, and said—in French, of course—"Honi soit qui mal y pense." "Shame on anyone who thinks evil of it." He turned a moment of potential embarrassment into the founding of a noble order that still exists today.2:53 That is what we call a power move.2:56 And then there's the cosmos.2:58 On April 23rd, 1967, the Soviet Union launched Soyuz 1, with a single cosmonaut, Vladimir Komarov, aboard.3:07 It was meant to be a triumph, a complex mission involving a docking maneuver and a crew exchange in orbit.3:15 But from the moment it reached space, everything went wrong.3:20 A solar panel failed to deploy, cutting power.3:24 Navigation systems failed.3:26 It was a cascade of disasters.3:28 Komarov was ordered to attempt a manual reentry, a feat of incredible bravery.3:34 But the final failure was the parachutes.3:38 They tangled, and the capsule hit the ground like a meteor.3:42 It’s a somber, heroic, and tragic note on a day that holds so much else.3:48 And of course, there are the birthdays.3:51 So many bright lights.3:53 Shirley Temple, the child star who lifted America's spirits during the Great Depression.4:00 Roy Orbison, whose voice could break your heart in a single note.4:05 The Six Million Dollar Man himself, Lee Majors.4:09 And Valerie Bertinelli.4:11 It’s a day for stars, it seems.4:13 But let's go back.4:15 Let's go back to Shakespeare.4:17 Because that neat, perfect story of a life beginning and ending on the same day...4:24 it's a little too neat.4:26 And the truth is so much more delightful.4:29 First, the birth.4:30 We don't actually have a birth certificate for William Shakespeare.4:36 No one did, back then.4:37 What we have is a baptismal record.4:40 The infant William was baptized on April 26, 1564.4:44 The custom at the time was to baptize a child three days after birth.4:50 So, we count back three days from the twenty-sixth...4:54 and we land on April twenty-third.4:57 It's a wonderful piece of historical detective work, an educated guess that has become tradition.5:05 But it is a guess.5:06 We choose for him to be born on April 23rd because it makes the story better.5:12 His death, however, is certain.5:15 The record is clear: April 23, 1616.5:18 And this is where the story gets even better.5:21 Because for centuries, we've loved the incredible coincidence that Shakespeare died on the very same day as the other great giant of world literature, Miguel de Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote.5:37 Two titans, exiting the world stage in perfect synchronicity.5:42 It’s a staggering thought.5:44 Here's the turn.5:45 It's not true.5:46 And the reason it's not true is just...5:50 magnificent.5:51 They did both die on an April 23rd, 1616.5:54 But they weren't the same April 23rd.5:57 At the time, Spain, being a Catholic country, was using the Gregorian calendar—the modern calendar that we all use today.6:06 But England, being a stubbornly Protestant nation, was still clinging to the old, less accurate Julian calendar.6:15 In 1616, the Julian calendar was ten days behind the Gregorian.6:21 So.6:21 When Cervantes died in Madrid on April 23rd, Shakespeare was still alive and well in Stratford-upon-Avon.6:29 He would live for another ten days.6:32 His April 23rd was what people in Spain would have called May 3rd.6:37 They didn't die on the same day at all!6:40 Isn't that wonderful?6:42 The universe isn't quite so tidy.6:45 History is messier, more complicated, and far more human than the neat little packages we like to wrap it in.6:53 The fact that we have this whole story, this beautiful, slightly-wrong coincidence, is what prompted UNESCO in 1995 to declare April 23rd as World Book and Copyright Day.7:07 They leaned into the legend!7:09 And they were inspired by an even older tradition.7:13 In Catalonia, in Spain, April 23rd is Saint George's Day, or La Diada de Sant Jordi.7:20 It's their version of Valentine's Day, but with a wonderfully bookish twist.7:26 The tradition is for men to give women a rose, and for women to give men a book.7:33 It’s a day of love and literature.7:35 On that one day, something like half of the entire year's book sales in Catalonia happen.7:42 Four hundred thousand books exchanged for four million roses.7:47 The streets are filled with bookstalls and flower stands.7:52 It is a celebration of the written word made tangible, beautiful, and romantic.7:58 So when UNESCO was looking for a day to celebrate books globally, they saw this confluence.8:06 They saw Shakespeare's traditional birth and death day.8:10 They saw the legend of Cervantes's death day.8:14 And they saw this vibrant, living tradition in Catalonia.8:18 They didn't let the pesky fact of the calendars get in the way of a good story.8:25 They wove it all together.8:27 This is what we do.8:28 This is what history is.8:30 It's not just a list of facts and dates.8:33 It's an act of creation.8:35 We look back at the chaos of the past—at a king picking up a garter, at a disastrous soda launch, at two different calendars marking the deaths of two literary giants—and we find a pattern.8:50 We tell a story.8:52 We create meaning.8:53 We decide that a day for books should also be a day for roses.8:58 We decide that a life should begin and end on the same spring day, because it feels right.9:05 Looking back from today, we can see how these stories are built.9:10 We can see the seams.9:12 We see the guess about Shakespeare's birth, the calendar confusion with Cervantes.9:19 We see the marketing blunder that became a legend.9:23 And knowing how the stories are made doesn't diminish them.9:27 It makes them better.9:29 It makes them human.9:31 It shows us that history isn't something that just happens to us.9:36 It's something we make, every single day, by choosing which threads to pull and which stories to tell.9:44 The past isn't a fixed point.9:46 It's a conversation we're constantly having with ourselves about who we are.
