0:00 A safety net strung beneath the Golden Gate Bridge caught nineteen men who fell during its construction.0:07 In our last episode, we talked about San Francisco's hidden histories, and today we’re tackling its most visible icon, but through the story of those nineteen men, and the thousands of others who built the impossible.0:24 Before the bridge, there was just the water.0:27 A mile-wide strait of furious currents and blinding fog, known as the Golden Gate.0:34 For decades, people said bridging it was impossible.0:37 Engineers said it couldn't be done.0:40 The military, which owned the land on both sides, said no.0:45 The powerful ferry companies, who made a fortune carrying people back and forth, spent millions to make sure it never happened.0:54 They filed lawsuits.0:56 They ran smear campaigns.0:58 They called the idea an ugly, expensive death trap.1:02 And for a while, it looked like they were right.1:05 The project's chief engineer, Joseph Strauss, was a man obsessed.1:10 He was a poet and an engineer, and he’d spent more than a decade trying to get this thing built.1:17 But when he finally got approval, the year was 1930.1:21 The Great Depression had begun.1:24 The thirty-five-million-dollar construction bonds were almost impossible to sell.1:30 No bank would touch them.1:32 So what happened?1:33 The founder of Bank of America, A.P.1:36 Giannini, stepped in and bought the entire bond issue, saving the project and staking his bank's future on a bridge that didn't exist yet.1:46 So they had the money.1:48 Now they just had to build it.1:50 Imagine being a worker in 1933, climbing those towers.1:54 You're seven hundred feet in the air, with winds trying to rip you off the steel.2:01 The fog is so thick you can't see your own hands.2:04 Below you, the water churns at sixty miles an hour.2:08 On almost every major bridge project of that era, the rule of thumb was simple and brutal: one man killed for every million dollars spent.2:19 For the Golden Gate, that would have meant thirty-five deaths.2:23 Strauss refused to accept it.2:26 And here’s where we see a pattern.2:28 Think about the Apollo program thirty years later.2:32 To get to the moon, NASA had to invent entirely new ways of doing things, creating technologies that spun off into the rest of our lives.2:42 The Golden Gate Bridge was the same.2:45 It was a moonshot for the 1930s.2:48 Strauss made it the safest construction site in history.2:52 He required hard hats—the first time that had ever been done.2:57 He mandated special hand and face cream to protect against the wind, and even a specific diet to fight dizziness.3:05 And then there was the net.3:07 A three-hundred-thousand-dollar safety net, suspended from one end of the strait to the other.3:14 The workers called it the "Halfway to Hell Club." It was a revolution.3:20 And for almost four years, it worked.3:23 Nineteen men fell.3:24 Nineteen men were saved.3:26 The old, grim calculus was broken.3:28 Until February 17th, 1937.3:30 A five-ton scaffold collapsed, overloaded with workers.3:34 It ripped through the net like paper.3:37 Twelve men fell.3:39 Only two survived the hundred-and-eighty-foot drop into the freezing water.3:44 Ten died.3:45 Even the best innovations have their limits.3:48 The bridge opened just three months later.3:51 On May 27, 1937, two hundred thousand people walked across its deck.3:57 It was finished ahead of schedule and under budget.4:01 It immediately transformed the Bay Area, turning isolated towns into booming suburbs.4:07 But its real impact was psychological.4:10 In the darkest decade of the American century, when everything seemed broken, this thing rose out of the fog.4:18 It was a two-hundred-and-twenty-thousand-ton argument against despair.4:24 So what does it all add up to?4:26 The bridge isn't just a landmark you see on a postcard.4:30 It’s a monument to a certain kind of belief—the belief that you can stare down impossible odds, financial ruin, and the laws of physics themselves.4:41 It’s a reminder that the most important structures we build aren't always made of steel and concrete.4:49 Sometimes, they're made of sheer, stubborn will.
