About this episode Step into a captivating journey as we uncover a hidden letter or diary entry each week, penned by iconic historical figures during their most pivotal moments. Narrated as if discovered in an ancient tome, these intimate writings reveal personal thoughts, struggles, and triumphs that shaped history. This series offers listeners a rare glimpse behind the public personas, deepening our understanding of these giants and the events that defined their lives.
0:00 I found this one folded into quarters.0:03 Tucked inside the binding of a scientific journal from 1843.0:09 The paper is so brittle, I was afraid it would turn to dust in my hands.0:16 The ink is a faded brown… but the handwriting is fierce.0:22 Confident.0:23 I had to use a magnifying glass to read the first line.0:28 And then I couldn't stop.0:31 The notes she wrote were three times longer than the article she was only meant to translate.0:40 Last week we felt the strange heat from Marie Curie’s glowing radium.0:47 This letter… it contains a different kind of energy.0:52 The cold fire of pure logic.0:55 It’s dated.0:56 And it begins now.0:58 July the nineteenth, 1843.1:01 It is done.1:02 The Menabrea paper, with my Notes, is published today in Taylor’s Scientific Memoirs.1:10 I hold a copy in my hands.1:13 The ink is still fresh, the pages crisp.1:17 The world outside my window continues as it always has.1:22 Carriages rattle on the cobblestones.1:26 London is a symphony of noise and industry.1:30 But it is not the same world as yesterday.1:34 Because this idea is now in it.1:37 Uncaged.1:38 Mr.1:38 Babbage… my dear friend and collaborator… he will be pleased.1:45 He sees his Engine as a magnificent calculator.1:49 A tool for producing flawless tables of logarithms, for banishing human error from the columns of figures that underpin navigation, engineering, finance.2:04 And it IS that.2:06 A glorious, intricate miracle of brass and steel and precision.2:12 But it is so much more.2:15 He sees the numbers.2:17 I see the music.2:18 That is what I have tried, desperately, to explain in my Notes.2:24 I fear I have failed.2:26 I fear they will read my words and see only a dutiful woman, an amanuensis to a great man’s vision.2:36 They will see the mathematics, which are sound.2:41 But will they see the POETRY?2:44 This is what I call it, in the privacy of my own mind.2:49 Poetical Science.2:51 The engine’s beauty lies in its generality.2:55 It does not simply crunch numbers placed within it.3:00 It acts upon them according to rules.3:04 And if it can act upon numbers… why not other things?3:09 What if the gears and levers, the spinning drums and punched cards, could manipulate not just quantities, but symbols?3:21 What if the Engine could weave algebraic patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves?3:31 The loom cannot create the pattern, it can only execute the design punched into its cards.3:40 The Analytical Engine is the same.3:44 It has no power to originate thought.3:47 But it has the power to execute any process we can precisely describe.3:54 And what can we describe?3:57 Oh, the possibilities… they make me dizzy.4:01 They keep me from sleep.4:03 I see the Engine composing.4:06 Not just sums, but… music.4:09 If the fundamental relations of pitched sounds can be expressed by symbols, the Engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent.4:26 It could create harmonies no human ear has ever conceived.4:32 It could render art.4:34 This is the great leap.4:37 The one I am not sure even Mr.4:40 Babbage has fully taken with me.4:43 He has built a body.4:45 I believe I have glimpsed its soul.4:48 I have done something in the Notes.4:52 Something more than just speculate.4:55 In Note G… I have written a method.4:59 A sequence of operations for the Engine to calculate the sequence of Bernoulli numbers.5:07 It is not merely a plan.5:10 It is a set of instructions.5:13 A… a recipe.5:14 A detailed, step-by-step process for the machine to follow.5:20 I have written its first lesson.5:23 It is, I believe, the first time such a thing has ever been described.5:30 A process written for a machine that does not yet exist, to perform a task of abstract mathematics.5:40 It is the most complete description of… of what I suppose must be called a computer program.5:49 Though the term feels clumsy.5:52 Inadequate.5:53 It is a script for a thinking machine.5:57 No—not a thinking machine.5:59 A machine that amplifies thought.6:02 It is an extension of the human mind.6:06 And that is the true significance.6:09 Not the gears.6:11 Not the brass.6:12 But the idea that we can encode our own reasoning.6:17 That we can create a process, a sequence of logical steps, and give it to a machine to execute with perfect fidelity, at a speed beyond our own capacity.6:32 Today, I have not merely published a translation.6:37 I have lit a fuse.6:39 I do not know if I will live to see the flame reach the charge.6:45 Perhaps no one in my generation will.6:49 The Engine is a vast, expensive, and difficult undertaking.6:55 It may never be built in my lifetime.6:59 It may remain a brilliant diagram on paper.7:03 A ghost of what might have been.7:06 But the idea… the idea is now free.7:10 The description of its potential.7:13 The method for its use.7:15 It’s no longer locked away in my mind or in my correspondence with Mr.7:22 Babbage.7:23 It is printed.7:24 It is public.7:26 It can be read, and argued with, and perhaps… understood.7:31 I feel as though I have given the world a new faculty of mind.7:38 A way for us to reason with symbols, to explore patterns beyond the reach of our unassisted intellect.7:48 The Analytical Engine is not a machine that thinks.7:53 It is a machine that lets US think in new ways.7:57 The notes are out there now.8:00 And the world will never again be entirely without them.8:06 She called it Poetical Science.8:09 She saw it all.8:10 In 1843.8:11 The music, the art, the general-purpose computer, the software… everything that would come from this.8:21 It's all here.8:23 On this single, fragile page.
